Why comprehensive reform of the Penal Code is essential for Vietnam’s fight against corruption
Levels and types of corruption are increasing in Vietnam, and something needs to be done. This assessment is not only from external assessments but also from recent statements by government ministers reported in the media and from the voice of the citizens through several surveys.[1] [1] See for instance Government Inspectorate and World Bank (2012) Corruption from the Perspective of Citizens, Firms and Public Officials. Results of Sociological Surveys. (Reference book). UKAid, UNDP and T&C Consulting. National Politics Publishing House. Hanoi. and UNDP, CECODES and VFF (2013) The Vietnam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index (PAPI): Measuring Citizens’ Expectations. Hanoi, Vietnam. Available at www.papi.vn .