Sac bua, which means playing gong, is a traditional new year festival of the Muong, a big ethnic minority group living mostly in Hoa Binh northern province with a population of nearly 1.3 million.

The Nung Phan Slinh is one of three main subgroups of the Nung, an ethnic minority group of the Tay-Thai language living mostly in the northern mountainous provinces of Lang Son, Bac Giang and Cao Bang. The group’s customs of celebrating birthdays for elderly people not only show their filial piety but also reflect their spiritual life and more or less reveal information about their history and culture.

The Cham is a Malayo-Polynesian language ethnic group living mostly in the central provinces of Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan. Ninh Thuan province has the highest number of Cham people with more than 74,000 living in 22 villages across the locality.

The Dao, one of 54 ethnic minority groups in Vietnam, immigrated into the country in the late 17^th century, living in areas bordering Laos and China with a population of over 750,000.

The Dao Ho, also called Dao Quan Trang (Dao people in white trousers), is one of the nine sub-groups of Dao people residing mainly in Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Tuyen Quang and Ha Giang provinces. Dao Ho people often live in mountain valleys with an altitude of 100-150m above the sea level which is favorable for wet rice cultivation.

Slip sli, a three-day festival held in the seventh lunar month, is the annual second biggest festive event of the Thai, Tay and Nung ethnic groups living in the northern mountainous provinces of Cao Bang, Lang Son, Lai Chau and Dien Bien.

The Gia Rai, also called Gio Rai, Cho Ray, To Buan, Mthun, Hbau, Hdrung, Chor or Gia Lai, is the largest one of the five groups of Malayo-Polynesian language family living along Se San, Ayun and Ia Pa river basins in the Central Highlands.

The Cham, also called Chiem, Chiem Thanh, Cham pa, Hroi, Hoi, Huan Cham or Cham Poong, is a Malayo-Polynesian language ethnic group living mostly in central coastal provinces of the country.

The Ta Oi, a Mon-Khmer language ethnic group with a population of nearly 35,000 living mainly in the mountainous areas of the central provinces of Thua Thien-Hue and Quang Tri, has adopted many customary laws related to forests.

The Cong, a Tibeto-Burmese language group, is one of the six smallest ethnic minority groups in Vietnam with a population of just above 2,000.